经济发展的税收效应定量分析

采取面板数据模型分析了经济发展的税收效应,发现经济发展的不同层面对税收的影响不同,表明政府在进行税收改革时要充分考虑经济发展的反作用。结果显示,生活水平提高总体上会降低税率、流转税比重和其他税比重以及提高所得税比重,实际经济增长率增加会提高税率和其他税比重、降低流转税比重和所得税比重,城乡收入差距扩大会降低税率、所得税比重和其他税比重以及提高流转税比重。     

关于经济学变革的几个问题探讨

西方主流经济学所赖以服务的社会——资本主义社会的发展已处于“过午”时分，贫富差距不断扩大、自然资源日趋枯竭，日益激烈的社会矛盾逐步转嫁到全球。随着外部条件的变化，传统经济理论的适用“闽值”在不断缩小，然而，它却对我国经济、社会产生了深刻的负面影响，背离了有中国特色社会主义道路的根本。因此，在新的历史条件下，我们应运用科学的眼光重新审视经济学、变革经济学：改写陈旧的市场均衡理论，务实推行必要的计划调节机制，避免人类可能面临的“灭顶”之灾；改换“理性经济人”基石，提升全民的道德水准，回归亚当·斯密“经济人”与“道德人”的完整思想；改革经济调节机制，积极创建“生态经济”的制度规范，实现经济社会的可持续发展。     

Domestic Support and Border Measures for Processed Horticultural Products

In horticultural markets, trade barriers often apply to the processed products whereas domestic support applies to farm-produced raw commodities. Here we assess the effects of such trade barriers and domestic support by simulating the effects of policy reform on global processing tomato markets, which are faced with modest processed product tariffs and high domestic support in the European Union (EU). Both protection and EU subsidy drive down world welfare, but we find that reducing import tariffs for tomato products would yield greater effects on markets and larger welfare impacts outside Europe than would reductions in EU domestic support.     

Research on principal-agency of stockholders and managers under asymmetric information condition

In modem enterprises, a separation of the right of ownership and management results in asymmetric information problems between stockholders and managers. In conditions of principal-agency relationship, the game behaviors between principle and agency within enterprises are impacted by asymmetric information. This study discusses the game behaviors between stockholders and managers by using information economic theories from the perspective of asymmetric information. Based on the model of the principal-agency relationship between stockholders and managers, our research uses quantitative analysis to reveal how to achieve maximum profit expected of stockholders through an incomplete contract, under asymmetric information condition.     

蒙代尔-弗莱明模型在发展中大国的适用与延伸

M-F模型是开放经济宏观经济学的基本模型,其存在的缺陷和局限是理论拓展的主要方向。本文对M-F模型的前提假定和分析过程作出了放松和修正,使其适用于发展中大国的情形。并在M-F模型的货币政策效应分析基础上,提出M-F模型在发展中大国的延伸分析方法,即Semi-M-F模型分析方法,指出发展中大国的货币政策是部分起作用的。最后,对Semi-M-F模型分析方法在中国的应用进行评述。     

基于引力模型的中美农产品贸易边境效应研究

针对中美两国在农产品贸易上的新变化,应用引力模型的派生模型——边境效应引力模型对中美两国农产品贸易的流量和流向进行理论和实证研究。首先介绍了边境效应引力模型基本模型的推导过程,并引入了调整模型。然后采用1987至2005年其中5年的截面数据进行计算,结果发现:中美农产品贸易的边境效应显著存在,且呈逐年下降趋势;两国之间的农产品贸易边境效应存在流向和区域上的差异;距离的平方并不影响模型的可靠性。     

基于时间与作业成本的物流成本核算模型与方法

在物流作业成本法的基础上,加进了基于物流时间的物流成本核算方法,构建了物流成本核算的T-A模型。试图通过基于时间与作业相结合的物流成本核算模型与方法,对企业物流成本进行管理,以进一步挖掘物流隐性成本,为企业降低成本提高利润提供新的途径和思路。     

The adequacy of asymptotic approximations in the near-integrated autoregressive model with dependent errors

We consider the normalized least squares estimator of the parameter in a nearly integrated first-order autoregressive model with dependent errors. In a first step we consider its asymptotic distribution as well as asymptotic expansion up to order O_p(T⁻¹). We derive a limiting moment generating function which enables us to calculate various distributional quantities by numerical integration. A simulation study is performed to assess the adequacy of the asymptotic distribution when the errors are correlated. We focus our attention on two leading cases: MA(1) errors and AR(1) errors. The asymptotic approximations are shown to be inadequate as the MA root gets close to −1 and as the AR root approaches either −1 or 1. Our theoretical analysis helps to explain and understand the simulation results of Schwert (1989) and DeJong, Nankervis, Savin, and Whiteman (1992) concerning the size and power of Phillips and Perron's (1988) unit root test. A companion paper, Nabeya and Perron (1994), presents alternative asymptotic frameworks in the cases where the usual asymptotic distribution fails to provide an adequate approximation to the finite-sample distribution.     

中小企业融资与发展中小金融机构

一个国家的经济稳定持续增长离不开数量众多的中小企业，特别是在稳定经济、吸纳就业、出口创汇和提供社会服务等方面，中小企业的作用是不可或缺的。我国中小企业的发展状况与美国相比，相距甚远，研究美国中小企业的融资模式对解决我国现存的中小企业融资困境具有一定的参考价值。本文就中小企业融资与发展中小金融机构提高了我国相应的几点建议与对策。     

Valuing Food Store Access: Policy Implications for the Food Stamp Program

Food stamp recipients may lack access to larger stores, reducing the availability of nutritious food. Reliance on smaller stores may have undesirable impacts. Policy alternatives include limiting food stamp redemption to larger stores and subsidizing store development. I estimate that limiting redemption to supermarkets and grocery stores, or supermarkets alone, results in losses ranging from $499.2 million to $1.05 billion, or $1.17 billion to $2.44 billion (respectively) annual loss in food stamp recipient welfare nationwide. The impact of improving access is also significant, ranging from $333.6 million to $931.2 million.